The C diff Toxin

The C diff toxin is present in the intestines of approximately five per cent of the adult population. Due to the prevalence of other bacteria in the system this c diff is usually kept in check. However, certain medications, such as antibiotics, can cause damage to that bacteria, allowing the cdiff to release toxins. And it is the c diff toxins which  can cause the spread of a contagious illness which can  lead to violent diarrhoea and even death. 

Clostridium Difficile releases two types of toxins These c diff toxins affect the intestinal wall. In extreme circumstances that can lead to a potentially fatal perforation of the intestines. Other symptoms are  diarrhoea with blood in the stools, dehydration, fever, nausea  and vomiting. It is understood that the symptoms are caused by c diff toxin A, while toxin B leads to the virulence of the infection.

To discover if the c diff toxins have affected the patient, tests have to be undertaken. If doctors believe the infection has been caused by antibiotics then  toxin tests will be performed. If the test proves to be positive the original prescription will be withdrawn and alternative antibiotics, such as  Metronidazole or Vancomycin may be subscribed.

There is also a test which will check whether a common antigen associated with c diff is present, but unfortunately this will not detect the toxins. The usual way to check out toxins A & B is by rapid enzyme immunoassay. Results will be through under four hours. 

A more sensitive method to find the c diff toxin is through a cytotoxic test, but it can take anything up to 48 hours before any results are achieved. Molecular testing is an option being considered for the detection of the Clostridium Difficile toxins.

Rather than a single c diff toxin, the problems are caused  by two toxins. Before treating the infection, doctors must know if the toxins, A and B, are present. Once that has been confirmed treatment can be undertaken.